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Roman numeral converter

Convert any number from 1 to 3999 into Roman numerals – or read a Roman numeral – with a breakdown of every symbol.

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Breakdown

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How to use the converter

Choose Number → Roman or Roman → number and type. The breakdown shows which symbols make up the result.

The symbols

IVXLCDM
1510501005001000

The rules

  • Symbols are written from largest to smallest and added: VIII = 5 + 3 = 8.
  • A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted, but only in six pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900).
  • The same symbol is not repeated more than three times in a row, so 4 is IV, not IIII (although clocks often show IIII).
  • There is no zero, and the standard system ends at 3999 (MMMCMXCIX).

Worked examples

2026 = 2000 + 20 + 6 = MM + XX + VI = MMXXVI.

MCMXCIV = M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4) = 1994.

Roman numerals are still used for years on buildings and film credits, for monarchs and popes (Charles III), for book chapters and for events such as the Super Bowl.

Frequently asked questions

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI (2000 + 20 + 6).
Why do clocks show IIII instead of IV?
It is a tradition among clockmakers, often explained by visual balance with VIII on the other side of the dial. Strictly, 4 is written IV.
What is the largest Roman numeral?
In the standard system, 3999 = MMMCMXCIX. Larger numbers used a bar over a symbol to multiply it by 1000.

Last reviewed: November 13, 2026

Results are estimates for general information only and are not financial, tax, medical or legal advice. Check important figures with a qualified professional.