£Free calculator

VAT calculator UK

Add VAT to a net price or take it out of a gross price at the current UK rates – 20% standard plus the reduced rates.

VAT rate
—
Net (excl. VAT)
VAT
Gross (incl. VAT)

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VAT rates in the UK

RateApplies to
20%Standard rate – everything that is not reduced
5%Home energy (gas and electricity) and children’s car seats
0%Most food, books and newspapers, and children’s clothes and shoes (zero-rated)

At 20%, UK VAT has a handy shortcut: to find the VAT inside a VAT-inclusive price, divide the price by 6. To get the net price, divide by 1.2 (or multiply by 5 and divide by 6). Prices for consumers must include VAT; business quotes are often “ex VAT”.

How to add 20% VAT

Multiply the net price by 1.2:

Gross = Net × 1.2

Example: a net price of £250 × 1.2 = £300. The VAT is £50.

How to remove VAT from a gross price

Divide the price that includes VAT by 1.2. Do not simply subtract 20% – that gives the wrong answer, because VAT is a percentage of the net price.

Net = Gross ÷ 1.2

Example: £90 ÷ 1.2 = £75 net, so the VAT is £15.

Reduced rate example: a price of £84 including 5% VAT is £80 net + £4 VAT.

When do you have to register for VAT?

You must register for VAT with HMRC if your VAT-taxable turnover goes over £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period (the threshold since 1 April 2024). You can also register voluntarily below it. Small businesses can use the Flat Rate Scheme, which simplifies how much VAT they pay to HMRC. In Northern Ireland, EU VAT rules still apply to goods.

How to use this calculator

  1. UK is already selected with its standard rate of 20%. Tap a reduced rate if it applies to your product or service.
  2. Choose Add VAT for a net amount or Remove VAT for a price that already includes VAT.
  3. Type the amount – the net price, the VAT and the gross total update instantly, together with the formula.

Rates last checked on 1 November 2026. Which rate applies depends on the exact product or service – for your own case, check HMRC (gov.uk/vat-rates).

Frequently asked questions

What is the VAT rate in the UK?
The standard rate is 20%. Reduced rates of 5% and 0% apply to certain goods and services, such as most food, books and newspapers, and children’s clothes and shoes (zero-rated).
How do I calculate 20% VAT backwards?
Divide the gross price by 1.2. For example £90 ÷ 1.2 = £75 net, so the VAT included is £15.

Last reviewed: November 13, 2026

Results are estimates for general information only and are not financial, tax, medical or legal advice. Check important figures with a qualified professional.